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Brazil ranks 49.3 in the Gini coefficient index, with the richest 10% of Brazilians receiving 42.7% of the nation's income, while the poorest 34% receive less than 1.2%.〔(PNAD Brazil - Social issues )〕 The Human Development Index of Municipalities dramatically improved in Brazil during the last two decades. According to PNUD, in 1991, 99.2% of the municipalities had a low/very low HDI; but this number has fallen to 25.2% in 2010. On the other hand, the number of municipalities with high/very high HDI jumped from 0% in 1991 to 34,7% in 2010.〔http://www.conversaafiada.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/0115.jpg〕 In 2012, the Brazilian HDI was 0.730, ranking in 83º and considered high. ==Poverty== Poverty in Brazil is not visually represented by the various ''Favelas s'', slums in the country's metropolitan areas and remote upcountry regions that suffer with economic underdevelopment and below-par standards of living. An attempt to mitigate these problems is the "''Fome Zero''" program launched by then-President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in 2003. Part of this is "''Bolsa Família''",〔World Bank website, (''The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil's Bolsa Família Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context'' ), IBRD 2007 paper, retrieved June 8, 2007〕 a cash transfer program that gives money to impoverished families under the condition that they keep their kids vaccinated and in school. The Lula administration (2003–2011) reduced 19.8% the rate of poverty based on labour income during June 2002 and June 2006 according to Fundação Getúlio Vargas. In June 2006, the rate of misery was 18.57% of the population. The rate of poverty is in part attributed to the country's economic inequality. Brazil ranks among the world's highest nations in the Gini coefficient index of inequality assessment. A study on the subject 〔Ricardo Paes de Barros, Mirela de Carvalho, Samuel Franco, Rosane Mendonça: ''A Importância da Queda Recente da Desigualdade para a Pobreza'' ()〕 shows that the poor segment constitutes roughly one third of the population, and the extremely poor make out 13% (2005 figures). However, the same study shows the income growth of the poorest 20% population segment to be almost in par with China, while the richest 10% are stagnating. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social issues in Brazil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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